It seems to me that the error is because the Parse.User.Current() object hasn’t downloaded all of its information. Ideally, before carrying out any operation, you should make sure that you have the most up-to-date user. Try doing a fetch before using your custom function postContsruct().
Thank you for your advice. My subclass was registered. Thanks to the code snippet you have provided I have noticed that after the registration of the subclass the subclass has to be used on log in, sign up and when getting the current user. I have adjusted all (Custom)User calls accordingly (for example I have interchanged Parse.User.current() with User.current()). After this adjustment I was able to get the right object and call its functions.